In my quick first pass, this seems like a nice demonstration of phonotactic probability (likelihood of auditory transitions) being reflected in superior temporal gyrus. Though, the effects of lexicality suggests something more than pure transition probability is going on here.
Transition probability first negatively modulated neural responses, followed by positive modulation of neural responses, consistent with coordinated predictive and retrospective recognition processes, respectively. Furthermore, transition probability encoding was different for real English words compared with nonwords, providing evidence for online interactions with high-order linguistic knowledge.
